German history is rich with such leaps into new territory. The refrigerator, television, Geiger counter, and, of course, automotive and transport technologies all emerged from German scientific and engineering ingenuity. So did the cathode ray tube and X-ray technology. Konrad Zuse built the first commercial computer. Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner laid the groundwork for nuclear fission. Max Planck, Werner Heisenberg, and Max Born ventured into the uncharted territory of quantum physics. Robert Koch showed the world the potential of microbiology.